GASTROENTEROLOGY SURGERY PROCEDURE IN INDIA

Endoscopy  : Endoscopy is a simple procedure done for people who complain of heartburn, indigestion, regurgitation of food, belching, stomach pain, abdominal bloating due to gas, patients who complain of vomiting, patients with cirrhosis of the liver, those with malabsorption and chronic diarrhea, patients who vomit blood and those who have difficulty to swallow food. It is also a useful procedure in patients with anemia, loss of appetite and weight loss. Conditions diagnosed by endoscopy include cancers of the esophagus and stomach, ulcers in stomach and duodenum, esophageal and gastric varices, infections like candida and tuberculosis.To do an endoscopy in the morning, just an overnight fast is required (about 8 hours fasting) and the procedure takes less than 1 minute. No hospitalization is required.

Colonoscopy : Colonoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the entire large intestine including a few centimeters of the terminal ileum. The procedure takes about 5-10 minutes and does not require admission. It is usually done as an out-patient procedure. It is useful for patients who complain of diarrhea, constipation, blood in the stools, colitis and lower abdominal pain. It is also useful to evaluate patients who have weight loss.Diseases diagnosed with colonoscopy include ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease, tuberculosis, polyps, cancer of the colon, amebiasis, infective colitis, diverticulosis, etc. Therapeutic procedures like polypectomy, stricture dilatation and stenting for in-operable cancer of the colon can be done through colonoscopy. In the United States, it is mandatory for everyone above the age of 40 years to undergo a screening colonoscopy to detect and remove polyps.

Foreign body removal for children who swallow objects like coins, pins and adults who swallow teeth and dentures. These facilities are available in the endoscopy department.

Patients who vomit blood due to ulcers like gastric and duodenal ulcers in the past would undergo surgery. With facilities like adrenaline injection of the ulcers, hemoclipping and argon plasma coagulation, most of these patients can avoid surgery.   Balloon dilatation is offered for patients who complain of vomiting due to pyloric stenosis or duodenal stenosis.

Surgery can be avoided with the above mentioned facility.   Polyps are swellings which can occur in the stomach, small or large intestine. They can cause a lot of complications like bleeding, obstruction or can become cancerous later on. Timely removal of this by endoscopic polypectomy can prevent the above.   ERCP which stands for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography is a procedure to visualize the bile duct and pancreatic duct and do therapeutic work. It is useful for patients with obstructive jaundice, patients with stones in bile ducts, patients with recurrent or chronic pancreatitis, patients with biliary strictures due to cancer, etc. It is more complicated than the procedures described above and this facility has been recently been made available in Goa.

There is no need for the patients to go outside Goa for any of the above procedures.   Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy is a simple procedure done to feed patients who cannot swallow due to conditions like stroke and neurological diseases. The advantage of this procedure is that there is no need to feed through the ryle’s tube which can be associated with complications. Patients who are unconscious due to head injury can also benefit from this procedure.

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