The outer portion of the nose is the part you can see. It is made from cartilage, a soft rubbery tissue that gives it its shape; it’s attached to your skull at the nasal bone. Inside, the nose is divided into two cavities, leading from each nostril, which are separated by another strip of cartilage called the septum. In the diagram at the right, you can see one of these cavities, leading into the head. The inner nasal cavity is also connected to other cavities called sinuses.
The nostrils are lined with stiff hairs that keep dust, dirt, microorganisms, and even small insects from being breathed into your lungs. The larger inner nasal cavity is very deep, and connects to your airway, and to your inner ear via the eustachian tubes. There are mucous membranes within the nose, which secrete a thick mucous that also helps trap dirt. At the top of the inner cavity is the olfactory bulb, which contains the receptors that collect molecules and help you smell.
The sinuses are cavities in your head. The sinuses are lined with a mucous membrane … soft, moist tissue covered with a layer of mucous. The tissue is also covered with microscopic hairs called cilia. The cilia wave back and forth, moving the mucous into the nasal cavity where it can capture dust, dirt, microorganisms, and pollen. The dirt-laden mucous is then flushed out to the stomach via the back of the throat. This is the way your body prevents bacteria from entering the body when breathing through the nose.
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The Ear system consists of the outer ear portion that leads from the outside through the ear canal, right up to the Ear drum. This path is lined by hair (cilia) that trap foreign particles and insects. Also, like the nasal path that secretes mucus, this canal also secretes wax to inhibit foreign particles from reaching the ear drum.
The ear system also has an inner portion leading from the ear drum and ending with the Eustachian tubes that open into the throat.
Now, because the ear drum is a curtain that separates the outer ear from the inner ear system, there must be a way that pressure is maintained in balance between the outer and inner ear, or else this would result in problems such as pressure build up, loss of hearing, dizziness and could even lead to related ear infections.
The way this pressure is maintained is through the openings of the ear in the throat which expose the inner ear to the same atmospheric pressure as the outer ear.
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The oral cavity (mouth) and the upper part of the throat (pharynx) have roles in many important functions, including breathing, talking, chewing, and swallowing. The mouth and upper throat are sometimes referred to as the oropharynx.
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